Blue Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide: Shipping Transportation Pathways in Indonesia – Soma Ariyaka & Konstantinos Panagopoulus

Blue ammonia and carbon dioxide are the necessary components for the energy transition plan for the world, including Indonesia. Indonesia has about 10 billion low rank coal resources that is not feasible for thermal coal direct burning into coal fired power plant. The process to create fuel that does not emit carbon using coal can be achieved using chemical process creating ammonia. Capturing the carbon in creating ammonia will yield blue ammonia. Storing captured carbon required extensive logistic process as well as transporting blue ammonia as a substitute fuel. A proposed pathway is evaluated. The coal concession and mining site is located in Sumatera, while the possibility of transporting blue ammonia and carbon dioxide to several locations using ammonia-fuelled ship, and piping are compared. A simple calculation is provided yielding a thumb rule where location, distance, cost and technology are factors to be considered economically feasible.